Rubidium publications

B. P. Marsh, D. Atri Schuller, Y. Ji, H. S. Hunt, S. Ganguli, S. Gopalakrishnan, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
High-capacity associative memory in a quantum-optical spin glass
Science 394, 212 (2026).
arXiv:2509.12202  pdf 
Highlighted “In Science Journals.”

B. P. Marsh, D. Atri Schuller, Y. Ji, H. S. Hunt, G. Z. Socolof, D. P. Bowman, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev, 
A multimode cavity QED Ising spin glass
Physical Review Letters 135, 160403 (2025).  
arXiv:2505.22658
PRL Collection of the Year, 2025.
Selected as an Editors' Suggestion.
Cover of Physical Review Letters.

R. M. Kroeze, B. P. Marsh, D. Atri Schuller, H. Hunt, A. N. Bourzutschky, M. Winer, S. Gopalakrishnan, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
Directly observing replica symmetry breaking in a vector quantum-optical spin glass
Science 389, 1122 (2025).
arXiv:2311.04216
Highlighted “In Science Journals.” 

B. P. Marsh, R. M. Kroeze, S. Ganguli, S. Gopalakrishnan, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
Entanglement and replica symmetry breaking in a driven-dissipative quantum spin glass
Physical Review X 14, 011026 (2024).  pdf
arXiv:2307.10176

R. M. Kroeze, B. P. Marsh, K.-Y. Lin, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev     
High Cooperativity Using a Confocal-Cavity–QED Microscope   
PRX Quantum 4, 020326 (2023).  pdf 
arXiv:2212.06716

Y. Guo, R. M. Kroeze, B. P. Marsh, S. Gopalakrishnan, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
An optical lattice with sound
Nature 599, 211 (2021).  link to pdf
News coverage:
Stanford News:  Adding sound to quantum simulations
APS Physics Magazine:  A Humming Lattice of Cold Atoms
arXiv:2104.13922

B. P. Marsh, Y. Guo, R. M. Kroeze, S. Gopalakrishnan, S. Ganguli, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
Enhancing associative memory recall and storage capacity using confocal cavity QED
Physical Review X 11, 021048 (2021).  pdf
News coverage:
APS Synopsis in Physics:  A Computer Memory Based on Cold Atoms and Light
APS DAMOP Highlight: Atoms and Light Remember Better
arXiv:2009.01227  pdf

C. Rylands, Y. Guo, B. L. Lev, J. Keeling, and V. Galitski
Photon-mediated Peierls Transition of a 1D Gas in a Multimode Optical Cavity
Physical Review Letters 125, 010404 (2020).  pdf
News coverage:
 "Quantum Simulation Stars Light in the Role of Sound" by Bailey Bedford
arxiv:2002.12285

R. M. Kroeze, Y. Guo, and B. L. Lev
Dynamical spin-orbit coupling of a quantum gas
Physical Review Letters 123, 160404 (2019). pdf
arXiv:1904.08388

Y. Guo, V. D. Vaidya, R. M. Kroeze, R. A. Lunney, B. L. Lev, and J. Keeling
Emergent and broken symmetries of atomic self-organization arising from Gouy phase shifts in multimode cavity QED
Physical Review A 99, 053818 (2019).  pdf
Selected for Editors' Suggestion
Featured in Physics Synopsis: A Step Toward Simulating Spin Glasses.  pdf
arXiv:1810.11085  pdf
Erratum: Physical Review A 103, 019901(E) (2021).  pdf

Y. Guo, R. M. Kroeze, V. D. Vaidya, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
Sign-changing photon-mediated atom interactions in multimode cavity QED
Physical Review Letters 122, 193601 (2019).  pdf
Selected for Editors' Suggestion
Featured in Physics Synopsis: A Step Toward Simulating Spin Glasses.  pdf
arXiv:1810.11086

R. M. Kroeze, Y. Guo, V. D. Vaidya, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
Spinor self-ordering of a quantum gas in a cavity
Physical Review Letters 121, 163601 (2018). 
arXiv:1807.04915  pdf 

V. D. Vaidya, Y. Guo, R. M. Kroeze, K. E. Ballantine, A. J. Kollár, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
Tunable-range, photon-mediated atomic interactions in multimode cavity QED​
Physical Review X 8, 011002 (2018).  pdf
Selected for a Viewpoint in APS Physics:
H. Türeci, A Multimode Dial for Interatomic Interactions, pdf
arXiv:1708.08933

A. J. Kollár, A. T. Papageorge, V. D. Vaidya, Y. Guo, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
Supermode-density-wave-polariton condensation
Nature Communications 8, 14386 (2017). pdf
arXiv:1606.04127

K. E. Ballantine, B. L. Lev, and J. Keeling
Meissner-like effect for synthetic gauge field in multimode cavity QED​
Physical Review Letters 118, 045302 (2017).  pdf
arXiv:1608.07246 

A. T. Papageorge, A. J. Kollár, and B. L. Lev
Coupling to Modes of a Near-Confocal Optical Resonator Using a Digital Light Modulator
Optics Express 24, 11447 (2016). pdf
arXiv:1603.06900

A. Kollár, A. Papageorge, K. Baumann, M. Armen, and B. L. Lev
An adjustable-length cavity and Bose-Einstein condensate apparatus for multimode cavity QED 
New Journal of Physics 17, 043012 (2015). pdf
arXiv:1411.5443

S. Gopalakrishnan, B. L. Lev, and P. Goldbart
Exploring models of associative memory via cavity quantum electrodynamics
Philosophical Magazine, 92, 353 (2012).
Special issue in honor of David Sherrington

S. Gopalakrishnan, B. L. Lev, and P. Goldbart
Frustration and glassiness in spin models with cavity-mediated interactions
Physical Review Letters 107, 277201 (2011). pdf

S. Gopalakrishnan, B. L. Lev, and P. Goldbart
Atom-light crystallization of BECs in multimode cavities: Nonequilibrium classical and quantum phase transitions, emergent lattices, supersolidity, and frustration
Physical Review A 82, 043612 (2010). pdf
Selected for a Viewpoint in APS Physics

S. Gopalakrishnan, B. L. Lev, and P. Goldbart
Emergent crystallinity and frustration with Bose-Einstein condensates in multimode cavities
Nature Physics 5, 845 - 850 (2009).
Nature Physics News and Views article by Helmut Ritsch.
arXiv:cond-mat/0903.2254 pdf