Publications

H. S. Hiller, P. D. Parakh, S. H. Aronson, K. Maeda, D. Lao, J. Stewart, Z.
She, J. Wang, X. Xu, T. Heinz, and B. L. Lev,
A cryogenic apparatus for coupling two-dimensional materials to a confocal multimode optical cavity
Review of Scientific Instruments 97, 093909 (2026).
arXiv:2605.28815  pdf

B. P. Marsh, D. Atri Schuller, Y. Ji, H. S. Hunt, S. Ganguli, S. Gopalakrishnan, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
High-capacity associative memory in a quantum-optical spin glass
Science 394, 212 (2026).
arXiv:2509.12202  pdf 
Highlighted “In Science Journals.”

L. Skolc, S. Chattopadhyay, F. Marijanović, Q. Li, J. Keeling, B. L. Lev, and E. Demler
Superradiant Charge Density Waves in a Driven Cavity-Matter Hybrid
arxiv:2603.28432

Y. Zhang, K. Yang, B. L. Lev, and M. Rigol
Effects of intertube dipole-dipole interactions in nearly integrable one-dimensional 162Dy gases
Physical Review A 113, 023314 (2026). 
arXiv:2510.05212  pdf

B. P. Marsh, D. Atri Schuller, Y. Ji, H. S. Hunt, G. Z. Socolof, D. P. Bowman, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev, 
A multimode cavity QED Ising spin glass
Physical Review Letters 135, 160403 (2025).  
arXiv:2505.22658
PRL Collection of the Year, 2025.
Selected as an Editors' Suggestion.
Cover of Physical Review Letters.

R. M. Kroeze, B. P. Marsh, D. Atri Schuller, H. Hunt, A. N. Bourzutschky, M. Winer, S. Gopalakrishnan, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
Directly observing replica symmetry breaking in a vector quantum-optical spin glass
Science 389, 1122 (2025).
arXiv:2311.04216
Highlighted “In Science Journals.” 

K. Yang, Y. Zhang, K.-Y. Li, K. -Y. Lin, S. Gopalakrishnan, M. Rigol, and B. L. Lev
Phantom energy in the nonlinear response of a quantum many-body scar state
Science 385, 1063 (2024)
arXiv:2308.11615

A. N. Bourzutschky, B. L. Lev, and J. Keeling
Raman-phonon-polariton condensation in a transversely pumped cavity
npj Quantum Materials 9, 81 (2024)
arXiv:2405.05257
In npj Quantum Materials special issue on "Light Induced States of Matter"

B. P. Marsh, R. M. Kroeze, S. Ganguli, S. Gopalakrishnan, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
Entanglement and replica symmetry breaking in a driven-dissipative quantum spin glass
Physical Review X 14, 011026 (2024).  pdf
arXiv:2307.10176

K.-Y. Li, Y. Zhang, K. Yang, K.-Y. Lin, S. Gopalakrishnan, M. Rigol, and B. L. Lev
Rapidity and momentum distributions of one-dimensional dipolar quantum gases
Physical Review A 107, L061302 (2023).  pdf
Selected as a Letter and Editors' Suggestion
arXiv:2211.09118

R. M. Kroeze, B. P. Marsh, K.-Y. Lin, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev     
High Cooperativity Using a Confocal-Cavity–QED Microscope   
PRX Quantum 4, 020326 (2023).  pdf 
arXiv:2212.06716

Review article:  Dipolar physics with atomic quantum gases
L. Chomaz, I. Ferrier-Barbut, F. Ferlaino, B. Laburthe-Tolra, B. L. Lev, and T. Pfau
Reports on Progress in Physics 86, 026401 (2023).  pdf
arXiv:2201:02672

Y. Guo, R. M. Kroeze, B. P. Marsh, S. Gopalakrishnan, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
An optical lattice with sound
Nature 599, 211 (2021).  link to pdf
News coverage:
Stanford News:  Adding sound to quantum simulations
APS Physics Magazine:  A Humming Lattice of Cold Atoms
arXiv:2104.13922

B. P. Marsh, Y. Guo, R. M. Kroeze, S. Gopalakrishnan, S. Ganguli, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
Enhancing associative memory recall and storage capacity using confocal cavity QED
Physical Review X 11, 021048 (2021).  pdf
News coverage:
APS Synopsis in Physics:  A Computer Memory Based on Cold Atoms and Light
APS DAMOP Highlight: Atoms and Light Remember Better
arXiv:2009.01227  pdf

S. F. Taylor, F. Yang, B. A. Freudenstein, and B. L. Lev
A scanning quantum cryogenic atom microscope at 6 K
SciPost Physics 10, 060 (2021).  pdf 

E. Altman et al. 
Quantum Simulators: Architectures and Opportunities
PRX Quantum 2, 017003 (2021).

W. Kao, K.-Y. Li, K.-Y. Lin, S. Gopalakrishnan, and B. L. Lev
Topological pumping of a 1D dipolar gas into strongly correlated prethermal states​
Science 371, 296 (2021).  pdf & SM
News coverage:
Stanford News:  Stanford physicists find new state of matter in a one-dimensional quantum gas  pdf
APS DAMOP Highlight:  The Turn of the Screw
arXiv:2002.10475  pdf

C. Rylands, Y. Guo, B. L. Lev, J. Keeling, and V. Galitski
Photon-mediated Peierls Transition of a 1D Gas in a Multimode Optical Cavity
Physical Review Letters 125, 010404 (2020).  pdf
News coverage:
 "Quantum Simulation Stars Light in the Role of Sound" by Bailey Bedford
arxiv:2002.12285

F. Yang, S. F. Taylor, S. D. Edkins, J. Palmstrom, Ian R. Fisher, and Benjamin L. Lev
Nematic Transitions in Iron-Pnictide Superconductors Imaged with a Quantum Gas
Nature Physics 16, 514 (2020). pdf
Featured in News & Views in Nature Physcis 16, 506 by James Analytis: "Cooking with quantum gas"  pdf
Featured in Phys.org in article by Ingrid Fadelli: "Imaging nematic transitions in iron pnictide superconductors" pdf
Featured in Physics World article by Margaret Harris: "Ultracold atoms put high-temperature superconductors under the microscope" pdf
arXiv:1907.12601  pdf

R. M. Kroeze, Y. Guo, and B. L. Lev
Dynamical spin-orbit coupling of a quantum gas
Physical Review Letters 123, 160404 (2019). pdf
arXiv:1904.08388

Y. Guo, V. D. Vaidya, R. M. Kroeze, R. A. Lunney, B. L. Lev, and J. Keeling
Emergent and broken symmetries of atomic self-organization arising from Gouy phase shifts in multimode cavity QED
Physical Review A 99, 053818 (2019).  pdf
Selected for Editors' Suggestion
Featured in Physics Synopsis: A Step Toward Simulating Spin Glasses.  pdf
arXiv:1810.11085  pdf
Erratum: Physical Review A 103, 019901(E) (2021).  pdf

Y. Guo, R. M. Kroeze, V. D. Vaidya, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
Sign-changing photon-mediated atom interactions in multimode cavity QED
Physical Review Letters 122, 193601 (2019).  pdf
Selected for Editors' Suggestion
Featured in Physics Synopsis: A Step Toward Simulating Spin Glasses.  pdf
arXiv:1810.11086

R. M. Kroeze, Y. Guo, V. D. Vaidya, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
Spinor self-ordering of a quantum gas in a cavity
Physical Review Letters 121, 163601 (2018). 
arXiv:1807.04915  pdf 

Y. Tang, W. Kao, K.-Y. Li, S. Seo, K. Mallayya, M. Rigol, S. Gopalakrishnan, and B. L. Lev
Thermalization near integrability in a dipolar quantum Newton's cradle
Physical Review X 8, 021030 (2018).
See Editors' Choice Watching magnetic atoms thermalize in Science
See News: Quantum Physics A tiny version of this physics toy is revealing quantum secrets in ScienceNews
See Synopsis Pathway to Quantum Thermalization in APS Physics
See Research Highlight Towards thermalization in Nature Physics
See Article Toy inspires experiment on behavior of quantum systems in Stanford News 
arXiv:1707.07031 pdf

Y. Tang, W. Kao, K.-Y. Li, and B. L. Lev
Tuning the dipole-dipole interaction in a quantum gas with a rotating magnetic field
Physical Review Letters 120, 230401 (2018).
arXiv:1803.10867 (2018). pdf

V. D. Vaidya, Y. Guo, R. M. Kroeze, K. E. Ballantine, A. J. Kollár, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
Tunable-range, photon-mediated atomic interactions in multimode cavity QED​
Physical Review X 8, 011002 (2018).  pdf
Selected for a Viewpoint in APS Physics:
H. Türeci, A Multimode Dial for Interatomic Interactions, pdf
arXiv:1708.08933

F. Yang, A. J. Kollár, S. F. Taylor, R. W. Turner, and B. L. Lev
A Scanning Quantum Cryogenic Atom Microscope
Physical Review Applied 7, 034026 (2017).  pdf
Selected for a Viewpoint in APS Physics:
J. Fortágh and A. Günther, Sensing Magnetic Fields with a Giant Quantum Wave, pdf

A. J. Kollár, A. T. Papageorge, V. D. Vaidya, Y. Guo, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev
Supermode-density-wave-polariton condensation
Nature Communications 8, 14386 (2017). pdf
arXiv:1606.04127

K. E. Ballantine, B. L. Lev, and J. Keeling
Meissner-like effect for synthetic gauge field in multimode cavity QED​
Physical Review Letters 118, 045302 (2017).  pdf
arXiv:1608.07246 

W. Kao, Y. Tang, N. Burdick, and B. L. Lev
Anisotropic dependence of tune-out wavelength near Dy 741-nm transition
Optics Express 25, 3411 (2017).  pdf
arXiv:1609.02111 

N. Q. Burdick, A. G. Sykes, Y. Tang, and B. L. Lev
Anisotropic collisions of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in the universal regime
New Journal of Physics 18, 113004 (2016). pdf
See accompanying Perspective "Smashing Magnets" by Igor Ferrier-Barbut. pdf
arXiv:1607.06743

Y. Tang, A. G. Sykes, N. Q. Burdick, J. M. DiSciacca, D. S. Petrov, and B. L. Lev
Anisotropic expansion of a thermal dipolar Bose gas
Physical Review Letters 117, 155301 (2016). pdf
arXiv:1606.08856 

L. D. Carr and B. L. Lev
Viewpoint:  An Arrested Implosion
APS Physics 9, 55 (2016).  pdf

N. Q. Burdick, Y. Tang, and B. L. Lev
A long-lived spin-orbit-coupled dipolar Fermi gas
Physical Review X 6, 031022 (2016). pdf
arXiv:1605.03211

A. T. Papageorge, A. J. Kollár, and B. L. Lev
Coupling to Modes of a Near-Confocal Optical Resonator Using a Digital Light Modulator
Optics Express 24, 11447 (2016). pdf
arXiv:1603.06900

Y. Tang, A. Sykes, N. Burdick, J. Bohn, and B. L. Lev
s-wave scattering lengths of the strongly dipolar bosons ¹⁶²Dy and ¹⁶⁴Dy
Physical Review A 92, 022703 (2015). pdf
arXiv:1506.03393
Erratum: Physical Review A 93, 059905(E) (2016). pdf

N. Y. Yao, S. D. Bennett, C. R. Laumann, B. L. Lev, and A. V. Gorshkov
Bilayer fractional quantum Hall states with dipoles
Physical Review A 92, 033609 (2015). pdf
arXiv:1505.03099

Y. Tang, N. Burdick, K. Baumann, and B. L. Lev
Bose-Einstein condensation of ¹⁶²Dy and ¹⁶⁰Dy
New Journal of Physics 17, 045006 (2015). pdf
Special Issue:  Focus on New Frontiers of Cold Molecules Research​
arXiv:1411.3069

A. Kollár, A. Papageorge, K. Baumann, M. Armen, and B. L. Lev
An adjustable-length cavity and Bose-Einstein condensate apparatus for multimode cavity QED 
New Journal of Physics 17, 043012 (2015). pdf
arXiv:1411.5443

N. Q. Burdick, K. Baumann, Y. Tang, M. Lu, and B. L. Lev
Fermionic suppression of dipolar relaxation
Physical Review Letters 114, 023201 (2015). pdf
arXiv:1407.3842

K. Baumann, N. Q. Burdick, M. Lu, and B. L. Lev
Observation of low-field Fano-Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases of dysprosium
Physical Review A, Rapid Communications, 89, 020701(R) (2014). pdf 
arXiv:1312.6401

M. A. Naides, R. W. Turner, R. A. Lai, J. M. DiSciacca, and B. L. Lev
Trapping ultracold gases near cryogenic materials with rapid reconfigurability
Applied Physics Letters 103, 251112 (2013). pdf

X. Cui, B. Lian, T.-L. Ho, B. L. Lev, and H. Zhai
Synthetic gauge field with highly magnetic lanthanide atoms
Physical Review A, Rapid Communications 88, 011601(R) (2013).
arXiv:1303.6004; pdf

J. DiSciacca, M. Marshall, K. Marable, and G. Gabrielse
Resolving an Individual One-Proton Spin Flip to Determine a Proton Spin State

Physical Review Letters 110, 140406 (2013). pdf

J. DiSciacca, M. Marshall, K. Marable, G. Gabrielse, S. Ettenauer, E. Tardiff, R. Kalra, D. W. Fitzakerley, M. C. George, E. A. Hessels, C. H. Storry, M. Weel, D. Grzonka, W. Oelert, and T. Sefzick (ATRAP Collaboration)
One-Particle Measurement of the Antiproton Magnetic Moment
Physical Review Letters 110, 130801(2013). pdf

Selected as Editors' Suggestion and featured in Physics Viewpoint.

F. Brennecke, R. Mottl, K. Baumann, R. Landig, T. Donner, and T. Esslinger
Real-time observation of fluctuations at the driven-dissipative Dicke phase transition
Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 110, 11763(2013).

B. Dellabetta, T. L. Hughes, M. J. Gilbert, and B. L. Lev
Imaging topologically protected transport with quantum degenerate gases
Physical Review B 85, 205442 (2012). pdf

M. Lu, N. Q. Burdick, and B. L. Lev
Quantum Degenerate Dipolar Fermi Gas
Physical Review Letters 108, 215301 (2012). 
Selected as Editors' Suggestion and featured in Physics Viewpoint 
arXiv:1202:4444; pdf

M. Hafezi, Z. Kim, S. Rolston, L. Orozco, B. L. Lev, and J. Taylor
An atomic interface between microwave and optical photons
Physical Review A, Rapid communications 85, 020302(R) (2012). pdf

S. Gopalakrishnan, B. L. Lev, and P. Goldbart
Exploring models of associative memory via cavity quantum electrodynamics
Philosophical Magazine, 92, 353 (2012).
Special issue in honor of David Sherrington

J. DiSciacca and G. Gabrielse
Direct Measurement of the Proton Magnetic Moment
Physical Review Letters 108, 153001 (2012). pdf

R. Mottl, F. Brennecke, K. Baumann, R. Landig, T. Donner, and T. Esslinger
Roton-type mode softening in a quantum gas with cavity-mediated long-range interactions
Science 336, 1570(2012).

S. Gopalakrishnan, B. L. Lev, and P. Goldbart
Frustration and glassiness in spin models with cavity-mediated interactions
Physical Review Letters 107, 277201 (2011). pdf

M. Lu, N. Q. Burdick, S.-H. Youn, and B. L. Lev
Strongly Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate of Dysprosium
Physical Review Letters 107, 190401 (2011).
arXiv:1108.5993; pdf

V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum, and B. L. Lev
Dynamic polarizabilities and magic wavelengths for dysprosium
Physical Review A, 83, 032502 (2011). pdf

M. Lu, S.-H. Youn, and B. L. Lev
Spectroscopy of a narrow-line laser cooling transition in atomic dysprosium
Physical Review A 83, 012510 (2011). 
arXiv:1009.2962; pdf

K. Baumann, R. Mottl, F. Brennecke and T. Esslinger
Exploring symmetry breaking at the Dicke quantum
Physical Review Letters 107(14), 140402(2011).

S.-H. Youn, M. Lu, U. Ray, and B. L. Lev
Dysprosium magneto-optical traps
Physical Review A 82, 043425 (2010). pdf

S. Gopalakrishnan, B. L. Lev, and P. Goldbart
Atom-light crystallization of BECs in multimode cavities: Nonequilibrium classical and quantum phase transitions, emergent lattices, supersolidity, and frustration
Physical Review A 82, 043612 (2010). pdf
Selected for a Viewpoint in APS Physics

S.-H. Youn, M. Lu, and B. L. Lev
Anisotropic sub-Doppler laser cooling in dysprosium magneto-optical traps
Physical Review A 82, 043403 (2010). pdf

M. Lu, S.-H. Youn, and B. L. Lev
Trapping ultracold dysprosium:  A highly magnetic gas for dipolar physics
Physical Review Letters 104, 063001 (2010). pdf
Nature Research Highlights article “Dazzling dysprosium,” February 25th, 2010.
PhysicsWorld.com news report “Ultracold magnetic atoms bode well for quantum studies,” February 18th, 2010.

S. Kobtsev, B. Lev, J. Fortagh, and V. Baraulia
Powerful narrow-line source of blue light for laser cooling Yb/Er and Dysprosium atoms
Proc. of SPIE 7578, 75782F-1 (2010). pdf

J. D. Wright, J. M. DiSciacca, J. M. Lambert, and T. J. Morgan
Closed-orbit recurrences in molecular hydrogen
Physical Review A 81, 063409 (2010). pdf

N. Guise, J. DiSciacca, and G. Gabrielse
Self-Excitation and Feedback Cooling of an Isolated Proton
Physical Review Letters 104, 143001(2010). pdf

K. Baumann, C. Guerlin, F. Brennecke , and T. Esslinger
Dicke quantum phase transition with a superfluid gas in an optical cavity
Nature 464, 1301–1306 (2010).

S. Gopalakrishnan, B. L. Lev, and P. Goldbart
Emergent crystallinity and frustration with Bose-Einstein condensates in multimode cavities
Nature Physics 5, 845 - 850 (2009).
Nature Physics News and Views article by Helmut Ritsch.
arXiv:cond-mat/0903.2254 pdf

B. Fregoso, K. Sun, E. Fradkin, and B. L. Lev
Biaxial nematic phases in ultracold dipolar Fermi gases
New Journal of Physics 11, 103003 (2009). pdf

S. Ritter, F. Brennecke, K. Baumann, T. Donner, C. Guerlin and T. Esslinger
Dynamical coupling between a Bose-Einstein condensate and a cavity optical lattice
Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics 95(2), 213 (2009).

H. J. Kimble, B. L. Lev, and J. Ye
Optical interferometers with reduced sensitivity to thermal noise
Physical Review Letters 101, 260602 (2008). pdf

M. Lara, B. L. Lev, and J. Bohn
Loss of molecules in magneto-electrostatic traps due to nonadiabatic transitions
Physical Review A 78, 033433 (2008). pdf

B. L. Lev, A. Vukics, E. Hudson, B. Sawyer, P. Domokos, H. Ritsch, and J. Ye
Prospects for the cavity-assisted laser cooling of molecules
Physical Review A 77, 023402 (2008). pdf

B. Sawyer, B. Stuhl, B. L. Lev, J. Ye, and E. Hudson
Mitigation of loss within a molecular Stark decelerator
European Journal of Physics D 48, 197 (2008). pdf

B. Sawyer, B. L. Lev, E. Hudson, B. Stuhl, M. Lara, J. Bohn, and J. Ye
Magneto-electrostatic trapping of ground state OH molecules
Physical Review Letters 98, 253002 (2007). pdf
Cover of Physical Review Letters, June 22nd, 2007
Science’s Editor’s Choice “OH Trapped by Magnets,” July 13th, 2007.

K. Baumann, T. Stöferle, N. Moll, R.F. Mahrt, T. Wahlbrink, J. Bolten, T. Mollenhauer, C. Moormann and U. Scherf
Organic mixed-order photonic crystal lasers with ultrasmall footprint
Applied Physics Letters 91(17), 171108 (2007)

O. Zimmer, K. Baumann, M. Fertl, B. Franke, S. Mironov, C. Plonka,D. Rich, P. Schmidt-Wellenburg, H.F. Wirth and B. van den Brandt
Superfluid-Helium Converter for Accumulation and Extraction of Ultracold Neutrons
Physical Review Letters 99, 104801 (2007).

B. L. Lev, E. Meyer, E. Hudson, B. Sawyer, J. Bohn, and J. Ye
OH hyperfine ground state:  from precision measurement to molecular qubits
Physical Review A, Rapid Communications 74, 061402(R) (2006). pdf

P. E. Barclay, K. Srinivasan, O. Painter, B. Lev, and H. Mabuchi
Integration of Fiber Coupled High-Q Silicon Nitride Microdisks with Magnetostatic Atom Chips
Applied Physics Letters 89, 131108 (2006).  pdf
Cover of Applied Physics Letters, September 25th, 2006.

J. Ye, S. Blatt, M. M. Boyd, S. M. Foreman, E. R. Hudson, T. Ido, B. Lev, A. D. Ludlow, B. C. Sawyer, B. Stuhl, and T. Zelevinsky
Precision measurement based on ultracold atoms and cold molecules
Atomic Physics 20, XX International Conference on Atomic Physics (C. Roos et al., Eds., AIP Conf. Proc. 869, 2006), pp. 80-91.
Also in:  International J. Mod Phys. D (IJMPD) 16, 2481 - 2494 (2007).  pdf

P. Treutlein, T. Steinmetz, Y. Colombe, B. Lev, P. Hommelhoff, J. Reichel, M. Greiner, O. Mandel, A. Widera, T. Rom, I. Bloch, and T. W. Haensch
Quantum Information Processing in Optical Lattices and Magnetic Microtraps
Fortschritte der Physik 54, 702 (2006).
Also in: Elements of Quantum Information, ed. by W.P. Schleich and H. Walther (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2007), pp. 121-144. 

K. Baumann, R. Gähler, P. Grigoriev and E.I. Kats
Time lens for high-resolution neutron time-of-flight spectrometers
Physical Review A 72(4), 043619 (2005)

A. Hopkins, B. Lev, and H. Mabuchi
Proposed Magneto-Electrostatic Ring Trap for Neutral Atoms
Physical Review A 70, 053616 (2004).
arXiv:quant-ph/0402037; pdf

B. Lev, K. Srinivasan, P. Barclay, O. Painter, and H. Mabuchi
Feasibility of Detecting Single Atoms using Photonic Bandgap Cavities
Nanotechnology 15, S556 (2004). 

B. Lev
Fabrication of Micro-Magnetic Traps for Cold Neutral Atoms
Quantum Information and Computation, Vol. 3, No. 5, 450-464, (2003).
arXiv:quant-ph/0305067; Updated version

B. Lev, Y. Lassailly, C. Lee, A. Scherer, and H. Mabuchi
Atom Mirror Etched from a Hard Drive
Applied Physics Letters 83, 395-397 (2003). pdf 
arXiv:quant-ph/0304003

H. Mabuchi, M. Armen, B. Lev, M. Loncar, J. Vuckovic, H.J. Kimble, J. Preskill, M.L. Roukes, and A. Scherer
Quantum Networks Based on Cavity QED
Quantum Information and Computation 1, Special Issue, 7-12, (2001).

B. Wixted, B. Lev, and P. Denes
Radiation Hardness Evaluation of the Analog Devices AD9042 ADC for Use in the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, 417, 371-376, (1998).